Reference and historical essay

Jewish Nobility

History and Register of the Noble Families of Jewish Ancestry

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Nobility of the World

Volune VIII – Jewish

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The History and Register of the Noble Families of Jewish Ancestry

Two related publications, the Semi-Gotha, or Historisch-genealoges-Taschenbuch des gesamted Adels jehuidäischen Ursprunges of 1912 and 1913, and the Semigothaisches Genealogisches Taschenbuch aristokratisch-jüdischer heiraten of 1914, attempted a comprehensive survey of those families of Jewish ancestry who were members of the titled European nobility (and a handful of non-European royalty or nobility). These were published at a time when the prestige and influence of European Jewry was at its highest and represented pride in their achievements since Jewish emancipation. Unhappily, these rare publications were later to be used by the nazis to identify families and individuals for extermination and many copies of these publications were destroyed both by nazi fanatics and by those Jewish families who had once been proud to have been included.

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Birth dates were indicated with the hexagonal Star of David, while a Jewish tomb stone symbol indicated who died in the Jewish faith, and a Cross those who died in the Christian faith. Marriage dates were indicated with two bold rings interlocking if husband and wife both had Jewish blood, while a bold ring with an outline ring indicated whether only one of the partners was of Jewish ancestry. Two opposite pointing horizontal arrows indicated divorce, reflecting a Biblical passage “if thou take the right hand, then I will go to the left”. The genealogical section of the Semi-Gotha was preceded by a page with the swastika symbol – which meant something very different in 1913-14 and whose terrible implications were as yet unimaginable. The frontispiece illustration of the 1913 edition was a portrait of Benjamin Disraeli, 1st (and last) Earl of Beaconsfield.

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The List of High European Jewish Nobility

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The Noble Families of Austria

Because of the Toleranzpatent, which was decreed in 1782 by Emperor Joseph II, Jewish bankers and later entrepreneurs and industrialists could also be ennobled for their services and loyalty. Jews who were elevated into the aristocracy were allowed to keep their religion. Although the elevation into the aristocracy meant recognition for the work and services and a rise in social status, it could not hide the fact that Jews were for the most part still only being “tolerated”. Jews could not freely choose the place and duration of their stay and had to regularly ask for permission from the authorities. This placed a huge burden on Jewish families. If the head of the family died, all his relatives had to leave the city. The right to purchase real estate was forbidden to Jews, even if they belonged to the nobility. This regulation stayed in place until 1860, when it was abolished by Emperor Franz Joseph I and Jewish citizens were given equal rights. But almost a century before the banker and protector of arts, Karl Wetzler [or Wetzlar] von Plankenstern was created a Freiherr by Empress Maria Theresia, he converted to Catholicism.

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Despite these difficulties, by 1821 there were at least nine ennobled Jewish families living in Vienna. Their elevation was due to their industrial and economic contributions. Some of the very wealthy included the Rothschilds, Arnstein, Eskeles, Gomperz, Kuffner, Lieben, Auspitz, Schey von Koromla, Todesco and Wertheimstein, von Wiernes families. For example, in the case of the Rothschilds and Todescos, the secret of their personal economic success was their quick ability to adjust and innovate to the changing global economic situation. They founded banks that financed companies and infrastructure projects in a time of great economic and industrial growth in the late 19th century. Their contributions made it possible for Austria-Hungary to keep up with the international economic developments. The elevation into nobility also hastened the process of assimilation of Jewish families into the higher society. Some converted to Christianity in order to become fully accepted, but many kept their Jewish religion.

  • Arnstein, Arnsteiner
  • Auspitz
  • Elkan von Elkansberg (later Bavaria)
  • von Ephrussi
  • Eskeles
  • Ritter von Fischer
  • Frydman, Ritter von Prawy (cf. Marcel Prawy)
  • Goldschmidt
  • Gomperz
  • Haber von Lindsberg
  • von Heine-Geldern, Heine von Geldern (Freiherr & Baron, Gustav, Robert)
  • Henikstein (Hönigstein)
  • Hofmann von Hofmannsthal
  • Joel von Joelson
  • Lieben
  • von Löwenthal
  • Katzellenbourg
  • Marx von Marxburg
  • von Mises
    • Ludwig von Mises, economist
    • Richard von Mises
  • von Motesiczky
  • Morpurgo
  • Oppenheim
  • Parente
  • Porges von Portheim
  • Rothschild banking family of Austria
  • Seligmann
  • Sonnenfels (Christian)
  • Todesco
  • Wartenegg von Wertheimstein
    • Joseph von Wertheimstein
    • Hermann von Wertheimstein
  • Weil von Weilen
  • Wittgenstein of Vienna (Christian)
    • Paul Wittgenstein
    • Ludwig Wittgenstein
  • Zemlinsky

The Noble Families of Belgium

  • Baron Lambert
  • Baron Jacques Brotchi(1)
  • Baron Julien Klener(2)

(1) Une vingtaine de personalités honorées par le roi,(in french) Le Vif l’ Express, 18 Novembre 2008 (2) Adellijke Gunsten, Ministerie Buitenlandse Zaken, 27/04/2007 (in Dutch)

The Noble Families of Britiain

  • the House of d’Avigdor-Goldsmid
  • Earl of Beaconsfield (Christian)
    • Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield(Converted Out), British Prime Minister (1804-1881)
  • the House of Mocatta
  • the House of Viscount Bearsted
  • Alexander Bernstein, Baron Bernstein of Craigweil
  • Joseph Stone, Baron Stone
  • Arnold Silverstone, Baron Ashdown
  • the House of Montefiore
    • Moses Haim Montefiore (1784-1885) financier, stockbroker, philanthropist and Sheriff of London.
  • Rufus Isaacs, 1st Marquess of Reading
  • Julia Neuberger, Baroness Neuberger, rabbanith
  • Rothschild banking family of England
  • Mark Schreiber, Lord Marlesford
  • the House of Baron Swaythling, same pedigree with Herbert Samuel
  • Sydney Stern, Baron Wandsworth
  • Michael Levy, Baron Levy
  • the House of Sassoon
  • Andrew Stone, Baron Stone of Blackheath
  • Benjamin Mancroft, 3rd Baron Mancroft
  • Marquess of Reading – Rufus-Isaacs family

The Czech Noble Families

  • Jacob Bassevi

The Noble Families of France

  • d’Avigdor
  • Lafitte
  • The Barons de Fould-Springer
  • Pardes
  • Rothschild banking family of France
  • Rothschild of Bordeaux (vinery)
  • Reinach

The Noble Families of Germany

  • Bleichroder
  • Freimut Duve
  • von Liebermann-Schwarzschild
  • von Kaullas
  • von Oppenheim
  • Maurice de Hirsch of Bavarian “Von Hirsch Auf Gereuth” family.
  • von Redé
  • Rothschild banking family of Germany
  • Rotbert
  • von Schwarzau (originally de Suasso)

The Noble Families of Hungary

  • Fischer
  • Goldberger de Buda
  • Hevesy von Bischitz
  • Hatvany-Deutsch
  • Hollitscher
  • von Lieben
  • Lukács (later became Christian)
  • von Neumann
  • Polanyi
  • von Rosenberg
  • Ronai (Baron Herman Weinberger von Rόna)
  • Szitányi Ullmann
  • von Wertheimstein
  • Zuckerkandl

The Noble Families of Italy

  • Baron Lumbroso, said to be from Egyptian-Jewish origin
  • del Castelo
  • Paradiso
  • von Rezzori
  • Rothschild banking family of Naples
  • Tedesco

The Noble Families of Russian

  • Günzburg also Gunzbourg
      • Baron Joseph Günzburg, Osip Gintsburg, or Iosif-Evzel Gabrielovich Gintsburg (1812, Vitebsk – 1878, Paris), Industrialist
      • Baron Horace Günzburg, Goratsiy Evzelevich Gintsburg, Naftali-Gerts Evzelevich Ginstsburg (1833, Zvenigorodka, Kiev province – 1909, St. Petersburg), Financier, Industrialist
      • Baron Alexander Günzburg, Aleksandr Goratsievich Gintsburg (1863, Paris – 1948, Switzerland)
      • Baron David Goratsiyevich Günzburg (Барон Давид Горациевич Гинцбург David Goratsievich Gintsburg, July 5, 1857, Kamenetz-Podolsk – December 22, 1910, St. Petersburg) was a Russianorientalist and Jewish communal leader. Baron Nicolas de Gunzburg, (1904-1981) socialite, editor, actor, producer.
  • Dobrowolski Counts (later Dobrow), Russian and Polish family
  • Gantsmakher Barons
  • Khaykin

The Noble Families of Spain

  • Bargallo
  • Cadena
  • Carvajal
  • Cohen
  • Koplowitz
  • Safira
  • Surel
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Privacy and Cookie Policy Last updated: 11 August 2026

Neue Gotha respects your privacy and is committed to handling personal data lawfully, fairly, and transparently. This Privacy and Cookie Policy explains who is responsible for personal data, what information we process, why we process it, how long we retain it, who may receive it, and the rights available to individuals under the General Data Protection Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (“GDPR”) and applicable national data-protection and electronic-communications law.

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The controller responsible for the processing described in this policy is:

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Processing activity Personal data Purpose Legal basis Retention
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Neue Gotha is an editorial and historical reference project. Some information in the register may concern identifiable living individuals and may not have been collected directly from those individuals.

Depending on the record, information may be obtained from official gazettes and public registers; archives and libraries; published books and scholarly works; institutional publications; reputable news sources; publicly accessible websites; submissions from the individual concerned or their authorised representative; family representatives; and other documented sources.

The categories of information may include the categories listed under “Editorial, genealogical, and archival records” above. The material may be made available to website visitors and may be indexed by search engines. Neue Gotha seeks to use relevant, proportionate, and appropriately sourced information and to distinguish documented fact from uncertainty or editorial interpretation.

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The following table reflects the technologies currently deployed on the website. It is updated whenever a plugin, host, analytics tool, embedded service, or cookie configuration changes.

Name Provider Purpose Category Duration Third-party access
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Where enabled with the visitor’s consent, Neue Gotha may use Google Translate to provide machine-generated translations. Activating the service may cause the visitor’s browser to connect to Google and disclose technical information such as the IP address, requested page URL, browser or device information, and language or service-interaction data. Machine translations may contain errors and do not replace the original editorial text.

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Information about Google’s processing is available in the Google Privacy Policy and Google’s explanation of how it uses information from sites and applications that use its services.

Embedded material from another website may allow that provider to process personal data as if the visitor had visited the provider directly. Non-essential embeds remain blocked until consent is obtained. Each enabled provider is identified in this policy and in the consent interface.

7. Recipients of personal data

Personal data may be disclosed only where necessary to:

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  • translation, analytics, media, or other external-service providers selected by the visitor through the consent interface;
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8. International data transfers

Some service providers may process personal data outside the European Economic Area. Where the GDPR restricts such a transfer, Neue Gotha relies on an applicable European Commission adequacy decision or appropriate safeguards under Article 46 GDPR, such as the European Commission’s Standard Contractual Clauses, together with supplementary measures where required.

Cloudflare and Google may transfer limited technical information to recipients in the United States. Where the recipient is validly certified, the transfer is based on the European Commission’s adequacy decision for the EU–US Data Privacy Framework. Where that mechanism is unavailable or does not cover a transfer, the relevant provider’s European Commission Standard Contractual Clauses and supplementary technical and organisational measures are used. Information about the applicable safeguards, including how to obtain a copy, may be requested from editor@neuegotha.de.

9. How long we retain personal data

We retain personal data only for as long as necessary for the purposes described in this policy, including security, editorial integrity, source verification, dispute resolution, and compliance with legal obligations. The specific periods or criteria are stated in the processing and cookie tables above.

When a retention period ends, information is deleted or anonymised unless continued retention is required by law, is necessary for legal claims, or is justified by a documented editorial or archival purpose. Encrypted rolling backups are retained for 35 days and are then overwritten automatically, unless a backup has been isolated for incident recovery or a legal hold.

10. Security

Neue Gotha uses appropriate technical and organisational measures designed to protect personal data against accidental or unlawful destruction, loss, alteration, unauthorised disclosure, or access. No method of internet transmission or electronic storage is completely secure, and absolute security cannot be guaranteed.

11. Your data-protection rights

Subject to the conditions and limitations in the GDPR and applicable national law, an individual may have the right to:

  • obtain confirmation as to whether personal data concerning them are processed and request access to those data;
  • request correction of inaccurate or incomplete personal data;
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  • object, on grounds relating to their particular situation, to processing based on legitimate interests;
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  • withdraw consent at any time, without affecting the lawfulness of processing carried out before withdrawal; and
  • lodge a complaint with a competent data-protection supervisory authority.

To exercise a right, contact editor@neuegotha.de. Please identify the information or record concerned and the nature of the request. We may request information reasonably necessary to verify identity and protect personal data from unauthorised disclosure. Requests are normally answered within one month, subject to any extension permitted by law.

Where a request concerns published editorial or archival content, applicable rights may be limited where necessary and proportionate to reconcile data protection with freedom of expression and information or other rights recognised by law. Each request will be assessed individually.

12. Complaints

We encourage individuals to contact us first so that we can try to resolve a concern. Individuals also have the right to complain to the supervisory authority in the EU or EEA country of their habitual residence, place of work, or the place of the alleged infringement.

For this Berlin-based controller the supervisory authority is the Berliner Beauftragte für Datenschutz und Informationsfreiheit, Alt-Moabit 59–61, 10555 Berlin, Germany; telephone +49 30 13889-0; email mailbox@datenschutz-berlin.de; website https://www.datenschutz-berlin.de/.

13. Children

The website is intended as a general historical and reference resource and is not directed specifically at children. We do not knowingly request personal data directly from children for an online service requiring parental consent. If you believe a child has provided personal data inappropriately, please contact us.

14. Changes to this policy

We may update this policy when our processing activities, service providers, technologies, or legal obligations change. The current version will be published on this page with a revised “Last updated” date. Where required, we will provide additional notice or request renewed consent before introducing a new processing purpose.

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