Formerly Sovereign House

Kingdom of Lithuania – House of Urach

Kingdom of Lithuania – House of Urach – The Kingdom of Lithuania was a short-lived constitutional monarchy created towards the end of World War I.

Jurisdiction
Lithuania
Dynasty
House of Urach
Entry type
House
Editorial status
Reviewed - Verified
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Lietuvos Karalystė

The Kingdom of Lithuania was a short lived constitutional monarchy created towards the end of the First World War when Lithuania was under German occupation. The Council of Lithuania had declared Lithuania’s independence of February 16, 1918. Germany recognised Lithuania’s independence on March 23, 1918. Four Months later on July 4, 1918 the Council of Lithuania voted to offer the throne to the German noble Duke Wilhelm of Urach although this was a controversial decision with many members leaving in protest. Duke Wilhelm accepted the offer on July 13, 1918 and took the name Mindaugas II. On November 2, 1918 the council changed the constitution replacing it with a republican one thereby ending the short reign of King Mindaugas II.

Candidates for the Crown of Lithuania

The military command of Ober Ost petitioned Wilhelm II, Emperor of Germany and King of Prussia, to “take Grand Ducal crown for yourself.” This would have created a personal union between Lithuania and Prussia. An alternative proposal called for the election of Wilhelm’s youngest son Prince Joachim of Prussia. Such plans for expansion of already dominant Protestant Prussia were opposed by the Catholic Kingdom of Saxony and Kingdom of Bavaria. Saxony promoted Friedrich Christian, second son of Frederick Augustus III of Saxony. This proposal was a reminder of historical ties between Saxony and Lithuania: the House of Wettin had produced three rulers for the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth between 1697 and 1763. A number of other candidates were also considered. Such plans were viewed by the Lithuanians as a threat to their independence. The threat became more pressing after a meeting of German officials on May 19, where conventions governing the “firm and permanent alliance” were discussed leaving very little autonomy for the Lithuanians.

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An idea was advanced to create a constitutional monarchy and invite a candidate who would fight to preserve Lithuanian independence. The Presidium of the Council of Lithuania voted confidentially on June 4, 1918 to establish a hereditary monarchy and to invite Duke Wilhelm of Urach. Duke William was suggested by Matthias Erzberger, who had worked with Lithuanians in Switzerland. His candidacy had been discussed at least since March 1918. Duke William seemed to be a perfect candidate as he was a Catholic, was not in line of succession to the Kingdom of Württemberg due to his grandfather’s morganatic marriage, was not closely related to the House of Hohenzollern, and had no ties to Poland. Due to obstacles posed by the German military, the Lithuanian delegation to see Duke William in Freiburg im Breisgau was delayed until July 1. Duke William and his oldest son (as heir apparent) accepted the offer without conditions. On July 11, the Council of Lithuania voted (13 for, 5 against, and 2 abstentions) to officially establish the monarchy. On August 12, the Council sent a formal invitation to Duke William to become King Mindaugas II of Lithuania

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H.M. King Mindaugas II of Lithuania

Mindaugas II of Lithuania (born Prince William of Urach, Count of Württemberg; May 30, 1864 – March 24, 1928) was elected King of Lithuania, on July 11, 1918. He never assumed the crown, as German authorities declared the election invalid and the invitation was withdrawn in November 1918. Born as HSH Prince Wilhelm Karl Florestan Gero Crescentius of Urach, Count of Württemberg, he was the elder son of Wilhelm, 1st Duke of Urach (the head of a morganatic branch of the Royal House of Württemberg), and his second wife,

Princess Florestine of Monaco, occasional acting Regent of Monaco (daughter of Prince Florestan I of Monaco).

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At the age of four Wilhelm succeeded his father as Duke of Urach. He was born and spent much of his childhood in Monaco, where his mother Florestine often managed the government while her nephew, Prince Albert I of Monaco, went on long oceanographic explorations. Wilhelm was culturally francophone. On June 4, 1918 the Council of Lithuania voted to invite Wilhelm to become the king of a newly independent Lithuania. Wilhelm agreed and was elected on July 11, 1918, taking the name Mindaugas II. According to Wilhelm’s agreement with the Council of Lithuania he had to live in Lithuania and speak its language.

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From the beginning Wilhelm’s reign was controversial. The four socialists of the twenty members of the Council of Lithuania left in protest. The German government did not recognize Wilhelm’s selection as king, though the influential Mattias Erzberger supported the claim, being also a Catholic and from Württemberg. Wilhelm never had the chance to visit Lithuania, remaining instead at Lichtenstein Castle his home south of Stuttgart; however he started to learn the Lithuanian language. Within a few months of his election, it became clear that Germany would lose World War I, and on November 2, 1918, the Council of Lithuania reversed its decision.

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In the tiny chapel of Lichtenstein Castle is a framed letter from Pope Benedict XV welcoming Wilhelm’s selection as the future king of Lithuania. Wilhelm was married twice. In 1892, he married Duchess Amalie in Bavaria (1865-1912), daughter of Karl-Theodor, Duke in Bavaria, a niece of Empress Elisabeth of Austria, and a direct descendant of the Lithuanian princess Louise Caroline Radvila of Biržai.

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The nine children were born of this marriage: * Princess Marie Gabriele of Urach (1893-1908) (1878-1955), an uncle of Franz Joseph II of Liechtenstein, and had issue.

* Princess Elisabeth of Urach (1894-1962) who married Prince Karl of Liechtenstein * Princess Karola of Urach (1896-1980) (1899-1988) and had two daughters, Elisabeth and Marie Christine, neither of whom married.

* Prince Wilhelm of Urach (1897-1957), who morganatically married Elisabeth Theurer * Karl Gero, Duke of Urach (1899-1981), 3rd Duke, who married Countess Gabriele of Waldburg of Zeil and Trauchburg (1910-2005). No issue.

* Princess Margarete of Urach (1901-1975)

* Prince Albrecht of Urach (1903-1969). Married first Rosemary Blackadder and second Ute Waldschmidt. Divorced both of them and had issue by both. His daughter Marie-Gabrielle (aka Mariga) was the first wife of Desmond Guinness. A diplomat and artist turned journalist and expert on the Far East. His marriages were also considered morganatic but his descendants can claim titles that pass in the eldest female line.

* Prince Eberhard of Urach (1907-1969), who married Princess Iniga of Thurn and Taxis (1925-2008) and had issue; including Karl Anselm and Wilhelm Albert the current and 5th Duke of Urach. While a notional pretender to the crown of Lithuania, he has not made a formal public claim. Eberhard’s descendants inherit the dukedom on the basis of the Salic law principle of Agnatic primogeniture Karl, Prince of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst and had issue.

* Princess Mechtilde of Urach (1912-2001), who married Friedrich Though Wilhelm’s first wife had died in 1912, two of her ancestors had been elected to rule the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 1700s; August III the Saxon and Stanisław Leszczyński. This may have been a contributory factor in his election as king of Lithuania.

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In 1924, Wilhelm married Princess Wiltrud of Bavaria (1884-1975), daughter of King Ludwig III of Bavaria. This marriage was childless.

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The Genealogy of the Royal House

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  • 3b) Friedrich Wilhelm Alexander Ferdinand Gf von Württemberg, cr Duke von Urach (Serene Highness) 28 May 1867 (Stuttgart 6 Jul 1810-Schloß Lichtenstein 17 Jul 1869); m.1st Munich 8 Feb 1841 Theodelinda de Beauharnais, Dss von Leuchtenberg (Mantua 13 Apr 1814-Stuttgart 1 Apr 1857); m.2d Monaco 15 Feb 1863 Florentine Pss of Monaco (Fontenay 2 Oct 1833-Stuttgart 24 Apr 1897); his issue bore the title Prince or Princess von Urach, Graf or Gräfin von Württemberg together with the formal appellation of His or Her Serene Highness.
  • 1c) Auguste Eugenie Wilhelmine Marie Pauline Friederike Pss von Urach (Stuttgart 27 Dec 1842-Schwaz, nr Innsbruck 11 Mar 1916); m.1st Schloß Lichtenstein 4 Oct 1865 Parzifal Gf von Enzenberg zum Freyen und Jöchelsthurn (Innsbruck 25 Aug 1835-Schwaz 1 Jan 1874); m.2d Innsbruck 16 Jun 1877 Franz Gf von Thun und Hohenstein (Choltic 27 Jul 1826-Schwaz 30 Jul 1888)
  • 2c) Marie Josephine Friederike Eugenie Wilhelmine Theodelinde Pss von Urach (10 Oct 1844-Monaco 13 Jan 1864)
  • 3c) Eugenie Amalie Auguste Wilhelmine Theodelinde Pss von Urach (Stuttgart 13 Sep 1848-Stuttgart 26 Nov 1867)
  • 4c) Mathilde Auguste Pauline Wilhelmine Theodelinde Pss von Urach (Stuttgart 14 Jan 1854-Bad Möders 13 Jul 1907); m. Monaco 2 Feb 1874 Pr Paolo Altieri, Pr di Viano (Rome 17 Nov 1849-Rome 4 Jan 1901)
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5c) Wilhelm Karl Florestan Gero Crescentius, Duke von Urach was elected King of Lithuania with the regnal name Mindaugas II on 11 July 1918 (Monaco 3 Mar 1864-Rapallo 24 Mar 1928); m.1st Tegernsee 4 Jul 1892 Amelie Dss in Bavaria (Munich 24 Dec 1865-Stuttgart 26 May 1912); m.2d Munich 26 Nov 1924 Wiltrud Pss of Bavaria (Munich 10 Nov 1884-Oberstdorf 28 Mar 1975)

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1d) Marie Gabriele Carola Josepha Sophie Mathilde Pss von Urach (Stuttgart 22 Jun 1893-Stuttgart 19 Mar 1908)

2d) Elisabeth Florestine Auguste Marie Luise Pss von Urach (Schloß Lichtenstein 23 Aug 1894-Frauenthal 13 Oct 1962); m. Tegernsee 5 Apr 1921 Karl Pr von und zu Liechtenstein (Frauenthal, Styria 16 Sep 1878-Frauenthal 20 Jun 1955)

Karolaoflithuania.jpg
  • 3d) Karola Hilda Elisabeth Maria (Stuttgart 6 Jun 1896-Tübingen-Lustnau 26 Mar 1980)
  • 4d) Wilhelm Albert Karl Anton Paul Gero Maria Pr von Urach, renounced the Ducal title and took the name “Graf von Württemberg”(Stuttgart 27 Sep 1897-Munich 8 Aug 1957); m. Stuttgart 19 Jun 1928 Elisabeth Theurer (Stuttgart-Feuerbach 20 Nov 1899-Stuttgart 20 Jun 1988)
  • 1e) Elisabeth Amelie Hedwig Maria Mechthilde Pss von Urach (Stuttgart 2 Jan 1932-Stuttgart 12 Nov 1999)
  • 2e) Marie Christine Gabriele Antonie Irmgard Pss von Urach (Stuttgart 18 Apr 1933-Stuttgart 2 Sep 1990)
  • 5d) Karl Gero Albrecht Joseph Wilhelm Anton Maria, Duke von Urach (Lichtenstein 19 Aug 1899-Lichtenstein 15 Aug 1981); m. Zeil 20 Jun 1940 Gabriele Gfn von Waldburg zu Zeil und Trauchburg (Zeil 26 Apr 1910-6 Apr 2005)
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6d) Margarethe Sophie Florestine Maria Josepha (Lichtenstein 4 Sep 1901-Tübingen-Lustnau 28 Jan 1975)

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7d) Albrecht Eberhard Karl Gero Maria Pr von Urach (Hanau 8 Oct 1903-Stuttgart 11 Dec 1969); m.1st Oslo 1 Jun 1931 (div 1943) Rosemary Blackadder (Giessen 20 Jan 1901-Edinburgh 6 Jun 1975); m.2d Berwang, Tyrol 8 Sep 1943 (div 1960) Ute Waldschmidt (Munich 11 Sep 1922-Stuttgart 25 Apr 1984)

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1e) Marie Gabriele Sophie José Elisabeth Albertine Almeria Pss von Urach (London 21 Sep 1933-Holyhead 7 May 1989); m. Oxford 3 Jul 1954 (div 1981) Hon Desmond Guinness (b.8 Sep 1932)

  • 2e) Axel Peter Johannes Karl Alexander Pr von Urach (Bern 5 Jul 1944-Stuttgart-Degerloch 5 Jul 1977)
  • 3e) Manuela Ilse Maria Thea Pss von Urach (b. Bern 8 Aug 1945); m. Stuttgart 19 Oct 1967 Sergius von Cube (b. Leningrad 11 Jul 1934)

    • 8d) Rupprecht Eberhard Wilhelm Gero Maria Pr von Urach (Stuttgart 24 Jan 1907-Tutzing 29 Aug 1969); m.(civ) Niederaichbach 18 May 1948 (rel) Regensburg 20 May 1948 Iniga Pss von Thurn und Taxis (Niederaichbach 25 Aug 1925-Aufhausen 17 Sep 2008)

  • 1e) Amelie Margit Elisabeth Anna Pss von Urach (b. Tübingen 6 Apr 1949); m.(civ) Bachhausen bei Starnberg 10 May 1974 (rel) Aufkirchen 11 May 1974 Curt-Hildebrand von Einsiedel (b. Dresden 14 Nov 1944)
  • 2e) Elisabeth Maria Immaculata Alberta Wilhelmine Pss von Urach (b. Regensburg 10 Dec 1952)
  • 3e) Karl Anselm Franz Joseph Wilhelm Louis Philippe Gero Maria, Duke von Urach, renounced that title 1991 (b. Regensburg 5 Feb 1955); m. Niederaichbach 28 Dec 1990 (rel) 9 Feb 1991 (div 1996) Saskia Wüsthof (b. Gräfelfing 25 Feb 1968)
  • 1f) Wilhelm Karl Gero Eberhard Peter Maria Pr von Urach (b. Munich 8 Jul 1991)
  • 2f) Maximilian Emanuel Wolfgang Luitpold Robert Pr von Urach (b. Munich 5 May 1993)
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4e) Wilhelm Albert Raphael Maria, Duke von Urach (b. Hohenberg 9 Aug 1957); m. Rheinber 23 Dec 1991 (rel) Rimburg 1 Feb 1992 Karen von Brauchitsch (b. Rimburg 24 Sep 1959)

1f) Karl Philipp Amedee Konrad Maria Pr von Urach (b.6 Jul 1992)

2f) Alexandra-Charlotte Pss von Urach (b.18 Feb 1994)

3f) Louise Antonia Gabriele Elisabeth Maria Pss von Urach (b.12 Feb 1996)

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5e) Eberhard Friedrich Inigo Antonius Maria Pr von Urach (b. Bachhausen 12 Apr 1962); m.(civ) Niederaichbach 21 Sep 1991 (rel) 24 Sep 1991 Daniela Frn von und zu Bodman (b. Munich 28 Aug 1963)

  • 1f) Eberhard Constantin Anselm Johannes Sigmund Albert maria Pr von Urach (b. Salzburg 20 Oct 1990)
  • 2f) Anselm Wilhelm Arbogast Egmont Johannes Maria Pr von Urach (b. Landshut 29 Nov 1992)
  • 3f) Amelie Philippa Stephanie Valentine Iniga Isabelle Theodelinde Odile Maria Pss von Urach (b. Landshut 11 Nov 1994)
  • 9d) Mechthilde Marie Gabriele Florestine Sophie Devota Pss von Urach (Stuttgart 4 May 1912-Waldenburg 11 Mar 2001); m.(civ) Stuttgart 12 May 1932 (rel) Lichtenstein 24 May 1932 Friedrich Karl Fst zu Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst (Waldenburg 31 Jul 1908-Waldenburg 24 Oct 1982)
  • 6c) Karl Josef Wilhelm Florestan Gero Crescentius Pr von Urach (Ulm 15 Feb 1865-Stuttgart 5 Dec 1925)
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Privacy and Cookie Policy Last updated: 11 August 2026

Neue Gotha respects your privacy and is committed to handling personal data lawfully, fairly, and transparently. This Privacy and Cookie Policy explains who is responsible for personal data, what information we process, why we process it, how long we retain it, who may receive it, and the rights available to individuals under the General Data Protection Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (“GDPR”) and applicable national data-protection and electronic-communications law.

1. Who is responsible for your personal data?

The controller responsible for the processing described in this policy is:

  • Legal name: Neue Gotha Historical Register gUG
  • Trading or project name: Neue Gotha
  • Postal address: Musterstraße 12, 10115 Berlin, Germany
  • Email: editor@neuegotha.de
  • EU/EEA representative: Not applicable (the controller is established in Germany).
  • Data Protection Officer: No Data Protection Officer has been appointed. Privacy enquiries are handled through editor@neuegotha.de.

Questions about this policy or requests concerning personal data may be sent to the email or postal address above.

2. Scope of this policy

This policy applies to personal data processed through https://neuegotha.com, correspondence with the Neue Gotha editorial office, material submitted for editorial consideration, and editorial or archival records concerning identifiable living individuals.

It does not govern independent third-party websites or services linked from this website. Those providers are responsible for their own privacy practices.

3. Personal data we process and why

Processing activity Personal data Purpose Legal basis Retention
Website delivery, logging, and security IP address; date and time of access; requested page or file; referring page; browser, operating-system, and device information; error and security-event data Deliver the website, maintain availability, diagnose faults, prevent abuse, and protect the website and its users Article 6(1)(f) GDPR — our legitimate interests in operating a secure and reliable website. Where processing is required by law, Article 6(1)(c) GDPR may also apply. Routine access and error logs are retained for 14 days. Records isolated for investigation of a suspected security incident may be retained for up to 90 days after the incident is resolved, or longer where required for legal claims.
Editorial correspondence and enquiries Name, contact details, message content, correspondence history, and any documents or other information voluntarily provided Respond to enquiries, assess corrections or submissions, maintain editorial records, and protect legal rights Article 6(1)(f) GDPR — our legitimate interests in conducting editorial work and responding to correspondence; Article 6(1)(b) GDPR where processing is necessary to take steps at an individual’s request before entering into a contract; Article 6(1)(c) GDPR where retention or disclosure is legally required Correspondence is ordinarily retained for 24 months after the matter closes. Material required to document an editorial decision, resolve a dispute, meet a legal obligation, or establish, exercise, or defend a legal claim may be retained for the applicable limitation period.
Editorial, genealogical, and archival records Names; titles and styles; dates and places associated with public or genealogical events; family relationships; jurisdictions, offices, and public roles; images; biographical information; source and citation information; and correspondence relating to accuracy or provenance Research, document, preserve, verify, correct, and publish material concerning dynastic, genealogical, heraldic, and institutional history Article 6(1)(f) GDPR — our legitimate interests and those of readers, researchers, and institutions in maintaining an accurate historical and genealogical reference work, subject to a documented necessity and balancing assessment. Applicable national rules implementing Article 85 GDPR concerning freedom of expression and information may also apply. For as long as the information remains relevant to the legitimate editorial or archival purpose, subject to accuracy review, correction, restriction, erasure, and applicable archiving or legal requirements
Cookie-consent and language preferences Consent choice, language preference, cookie identifiers, and related technical information Remember privacy choices, demonstrate consent where required, and provide the language selected by the visitor Article 6(1)(f) GDPR for strictly necessary preference and consent-management functions; Article 6(1)(a) GDPR for optional storage, access, or associated processing based on consent As stated in the cookie table below
Optional external services IP address, page URL, device and browser information, language choice, and service-interaction data, depending on the provider Provide optional translation, embedded content, analytics, or similar features actually enabled on the website Article 6(1)(a) GDPR — consent. Non-essential services remain disabled until consent is given. As described for each service and by the relevant provider

We do not use personal data for solely automated decisions that produce legal effects or similarly significant effects concerning individuals.

4. Editorial and archival information obtained from other sources

Neue Gotha is an editorial and historical reference project. Some information in the register may concern identifiable living individuals and may not have been collected directly from those individuals.

Depending on the record, information may be obtained from official gazettes and public registers; archives and libraries; published books and scholarly works; institutional publications; reputable news sources; publicly accessible websites; submissions from the individual concerned or their authorised representative; family representatives; and other documented sources.

The categories of information may include the categories listed under “Editorial, genealogical, and archival records” above. The material may be made available to website visitors and may be indexed by search engines. Neue Gotha seeks to use relevant, proportionate, and appropriately sourced information and to distinguish documented fact from uncertainty or editorial interpretation.

Individuals may contact the editorial office to request access, correction, contextualisation, restriction, or erasure. Requests are assessed under the GDPR and applicable national law, taking into account accuracy, source integrity, the public interest, freedom of expression and information, archival considerations, and the rights and freedoms of other people. No provision of this policy removes a right granted by applicable law.

Neue Gotha does not intentionally publish special-category personal data or information concerning criminal convictions about living individuals unless a specific lawful basis and any additional legal condition have been identified and documented.

5. Cookies and similar technologies

Cookies are small text files stored on, or read from, a visitor’s device. Similar technologies may perform comparable functions. Some are strictly necessary for a website or a service expressly requested by the visitor. Others, including many analytics, advertising, social-media, translation, or embedded-content technologies, require prior consent under applicable EU electronic-communications rules.

Neue Gotha does not place or access non-essential cookies, or activate non-essential external services, before valid consent has been given. Visitors may accept or reject optional purposes separately and may withdraw consent at any time by selecting the permanently available “Cookie settings” control. Withdrawing consent does not affect processing that was lawful before withdrawal. Strictly necessary technologies cannot be disabled through the consent tool, but they may be controlled through browser settings where technically possible.

The following table reflects the technologies currently deployed on the website. It is updated whenever a plugin, host, analytics tool, embedded service, or cookie configuration changes.

Name Provider Purpose Category Duration Third-party access
_scc_session Neue Gotha / managed hosting and site-control provider Maintains a short-lived session for website security and site-control functions Strictly necessary Browser session The contracted hosting or site-control provider may access the identifier when providing technical support
_tccl_visit Neue Gotha / managed website-analytics provider Distinguishes a single website visit and reduces duplicate counting within the same session Analytics — disabled until consent 30 minutes Yes; the contracted analytics provider processes the identifier on Neue Gotha’s behalf
_tccl_visitor Neue Gotha / managed website-analytics provider Assigns a pseudonymous visitor identifier used to produce aggregated website-usage statistics Analytics — disabled until consent 12 months Yes; the contracted analytics provider processes the identifier on Neue Gotha’s behalf
googtrans Neue Gotha / Google Translate Stores or applies the visitor’s language selection for the translation feature Functional — disabled until consent 12 months Google may receive technical and service-interaction data when Google Translate is activated
ng_gt_default_applied Neue Gotha / website translation plugin Records whether the website’s default translation setting has been applied Functional — disabled until consent 24 hours No direct vendor access is assumed; Google may receive data if activation causes Google Translate to load
eu_cookies_bar_consent Neue Gotha / locally hosted EU Cookies Bar plugin Stores the visitor’s cookie choices and prevents the banner from being shown unnecessarily Strictly necessary 6 months No, provided the consent plugin remains locally hosted and does not transmit consent records to its developer
wordpress_test_cookie Neue Gotha / WordPress Checks whether the browser supports cookies when an authorised user visits the sign-in page Strictly necessary Browser session No; the cookie is processed by Neue Gotha and its contracted host

Authorised editorial users may receive WordPress authentication, security, or preference cookies when they sign in. wordpress_logged_in_[hash] maintains an authenticated session for up to two weeks when “Remember Me” is selected; wordpress_sec_[hash] protects administrative access for the session; and wp-settings-[user_id] stores an editor’s interface preferences for up to one year. These internal cookies are processed solely for editorial access and site administration.

6. Google Translate, web fonts, and other external content

Where enabled with the visitor’s consent, Neue Gotha may use Google Translate to provide machine-generated translations. Activating the service may cause the visitor’s browser to connect to Google and disclose technical information such as the IP address, requested page URL, browser or device information, and language or service-interaction data. Machine translations may contain errors and do not replace the original editorial text.

Website fonts are hosted locally by Neue Gotha and do not require a connection to Google. Google Translate remains an optional external service that is activated only after the visitor provides consent.

Information about Google’s processing is available in the Google Privacy Policy and Google’s explanation of how it uses information from sites and applications that use its services.

Embedded material from another website may allow that provider to process personal data as if the visitor had visited the provider directly. Non-essential embeds remain blocked until consent is obtained. Each enabled provider is identified in this policy and in the consent interface.

7. Recipients of personal data

Personal data may be disclosed only where necessary to:

  • hosting, content-delivery, backup, website-maintenance, email, security, and consent-management providers acting under contract;
  • translation, analytics, media, or other external-service providers selected by the visitor through the consent interface;
  • professional advisers, insurers, auditors, or other specialists where necessary to protect legal or operational interests;
  • courts, regulators, law-enforcement bodies, or public authorities where disclosure is required or permitted by law; and
  • the public and search engines where personal data form part of a lawfully published editorial or archival record.

8. International data transfers

Some service providers may process personal data outside the European Economic Area. Where the GDPR restricts such a transfer, Neue Gotha relies on an applicable European Commission adequacy decision or appropriate safeguards under Article 46 GDPR, such as the European Commission’s Standard Contractual Clauses, together with supplementary measures where required.

Cloudflare and Google may transfer limited technical information to recipients in the United States. Where the recipient is validly certified, the transfer is based on the European Commission’s adequacy decision for the EU–US Data Privacy Framework. Where that mechanism is unavailable or does not cover a transfer, the relevant provider’s European Commission Standard Contractual Clauses and supplementary technical and organisational measures are used. Information about the applicable safeguards, including how to obtain a copy, may be requested from editor@neuegotha.de.

9. How long we retain personal data

We retain personal data only for as long as necessary for the purposes described in this policy, including security, editorial integrity, source verification, dispute resolution, and compliance with legal obligations. The specific periods or criteria are stated in the processing and cookie tables above.

When a retention period ends, information is deleted or anonymised unless continued retention is required by law, is necessary for legal claims, or is justified by a documented editorial or archival purpose. Encrypted rolling backups are retained for 35 days and are then overwritten automatically, unless a backup has been isolated for incident recovery or a legal hold.

10. Security

Neue Gotha uses appropriate technical and organisational measures designed to protect personal data against accidental or unlawful destruction, loss, alteration, unauthorised disclosure, or access. No method of internet transmission or electronic storage is completely secure, and absolute security cannot be guaranteed.

11. Your data-protection rights

Subject to the conditions and limitations in the GDPR and applicable national law, an individual may have the right to:

  • obtain confirmation as to whether personal data concerning them are processed and request access to those data;
  • request correction of inaccurate or incomplete personal data;
  • request erasure of personal data;
  • request restriction of processing;
  • object, on grounds relating to their particular situation, to processing based on legitimate interests;
  • receive personal data they provided in a structured, commonly used, machine-readable format and transmit those data to another controller where the right to portability applies;
  • withdraw consent at any time, without affecting the lawfulness of processing carried out before withdrawal; and
  • lodge a complaint with a competent data-protection supervisory authority.

To exercise a right, contact editor@neuegotha.de. Please identify the information or record concerned and the nature of the request. We may request information reasonably necessary to verify identity and protect personal data from unauthorised disclosure. Requests are normally answered within one month, subject to any extension permitted by law.

Where a request concerns published editorial or archival content, applicable rights may be limited where necessary and proportionate to reconcile data protection with freedom of expression and information or other rights recognised by law. Each request will be assessed individually.

12. Complaints

We encourage individuals to contact us first so that we can try to resolve a concern. Individuals also have the right to complain to the supervisory authority in the EU or EEA country of their habitual residence, place of work, or the place of the alleged infringement.

For this Berlin-based controller the supervisory authority is the Berliner Beauftragte für Datenschutz und Informationsfreiheit, Alt-Moabit 59–61, 10555 Berlin, Germany; telephone +49 30 13889-0; email mailbox@datenschutz-berlin.de; website https://www.datenschutz-berlin.de/.

13. Children

The website is intended as a general historical and reference resource and is not directed specifically at children. We do not knowingly request personal data directly from children for an online service requiring parental consent. If you believe a child has provided personal data inappropriately, please contact us.

14. Changes to this policy

We may update this policy when our processing activities, service providers, technologies, or legal obligations change. The current version will be published on this page with a revised “Last updated” date. Where required, we will provide additional notice or request renewed consent before introducing a new processing purpose.

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