Formerly Sovereign House

Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach – House of Wettin

Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach – House of Wettin – German: Herzogtum Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach was created in 1809 by the merger of the Ernestine duchies of Saxe-Weimar and Saxe-Eisenach.

Jurisdiction
Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
Dynasty
House of Wettin
Entry type
House
Editorial status
Reviewed - Verified

Großherzogtum Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach

The Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (German: Herzogtum Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach) was created in 1809 by the merger of the Ernestine duchies of Saxe-Weimar and Saxe-Eisenach. It was raised to a Grand duchy in 1815 by resolution of the Vienna Congress. In 1877, it officially changed its name to the Grand Duchy of Saxony (German: Großherzogtum Sachsen), but this name was rarely used. The Grand Duchy came to an end in the German Revolution of 1918-19 with the other monarchies of the German Empire. It was succeeded by the Free State of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, which was merged into the new state of Thuringia two years later. The full grand ducal style was Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, Landgrave in Thuringia, Margrave of Meissen, Princely Count of Henneberg, Lord of Blankenhayn, Neustadt and Tautenburg.

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The duchies of Saxe-Weimar and Saxe-Eisenach had been ruled in personal union by the House of Wettin since 1741, after the Eisenach line had died out upon the death of Duke Wilhelm Heinrich. In 1804 Duke Charles Augustus’ eldest son and heir Charles Frederick married Maria Pavlovna Romanova, sister of Emperor Alexander I of Russia, a conjugal union which decisively promoted the rise of the Ernestine Saxe-Weimar dynasty. Though at first an ally of Prussia in the Napoleonic War of the Fourth Coalition, Duke Charles Augustus escaped his deposition by joining the Confederation of the Rhine on 15 December 1806. After the official merger in 1809, the Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach consisted of the separate districts around the capital Weimar in the north and Eisenach in the west, further enlarged in 1815 by the district of Neustadt an der Orla in the east.

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The History of the House of Wettin

The House of Wettin is a dynasty of German counts, dukes, prince-electors (Kurfürsten) and kings that once ruled the area of today’s German states of Saxony, the Saxon part of Saxony-Anhalt, and Thuringia for more than 800 years as well as holding at times the kingship of Poland. Agnates of the House of Wettin have, at various times, ascended the thrones of Great Britain, Portugal, Bulgaria, Poland, Saxony, and Belgium; of these, only the British and Belgian lines retain their thrones today. The oldest member of the House of Wettin who is known for certain was Thiedericus (died 982), who was probably based in the Liesgau (located at the western edge of the Harz). Around 1000, as part of the German conquest of Slavic territory, the family acquired Wettin Castle, after which they named themselves.

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Wettin Castle is located in Wettin in the Hosgau on the Saale River. Around 1030, the Wettin family received the Eastern March as a fief. The prominence of the Wettin family in the Slavic marches caused Emperor Henry IV to invest them with the March of Meissen as a fief in 1089. The family advanced over the course of the Middle Ages: in 1263 they inherited the landgraviate of Thuringia (though without Hesse), and in 1423 they were invested with the Duchy of Saxony, centred at Wittenberg, thus becoming one of the

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prince-electors of the Holy Roman Empire. The family divided into two ruling branches in 1485 when the sons of Frederick II, Elector of Saxony divided the territories hitherto ruled jointly. The elder son Ernest, who had succeeded his father as Prince-elector, received the territories assigned to the Elector (Electoral Saxony) and Thuringia, while his younger brother Albert obtained the March of Meissen, which he ruled from Dresden. As Albert ruled under the title of “Duke of Saxony”, his possessions were also known as Ducal Saxony.

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The older, Ernestine branch remained predominant until 1547 and played an important role in the beginnings of the Protestant Reformation. Their predominance ended in the Schmalkaldic War, which pitted the Protestant Schmalkaldic League against Emperor Charles V. Although itself Protestant, the Albertine branch rallied to the Empire’s cause; Charles V rewarded them by forcing the Ernestines to sign away their rights to the Electoral title and lands to the Albertines.

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The Ernestine line was thereafter restricted to Thuringia, and its dynastic unity swiftly crumbled. The Albertine Wettin maintained most of the territorial integrity of Saxony, preserving it as a significant power in the region, and using small appanage fiefs for their cadet branches, few of which survived for significant lengths of time. The Ernestine Wettin, on the other hand, repeatedly subdivided their territory, creating an intricate patchwork of small duchies and counties in Thuringia.

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The junior Albertine branch ruled as Electors (1547-1806) and Kings of Saxony (1806-1918) and also played a role in Polish history: two Wettin were Kings of Poland (between 1697-1763) and a third ruled the Duchy of Warsaw (1807-1814) as a satellite of Napoleon. After the Napoleonic Wars, the Albertine branch lost about 40% of its lands, including the old Electoral Saxony, to Prussia, restricting it to a territory coextensive with the modern Saxony.

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Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach – 1809-1815

  • Charles Augustus, 1809-15; Duke of Saxe-Weimar and Saxe-Eisenach since 1758, until 1775 under the tutelage of his mother Duchess Anna Amalia of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
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Grand Dukes of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach – 1815-1918

  • Charles Augustus, 1815-28
  • Charles Frederick, 1828-53
  • Charles Alexander, 1853-1901
  • William Ernest, 1901-18
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Heads of the House of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach

  • Grand Duke Wilhelm Ernst, 1918-23
  • Hereditary Grand Duke Carl August, 1923-88
  • Prince Michael, 1988-present
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The Family Titles and Styles

The members of this family bear the titles Prince or Princess of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, Duke or Duchess of Saxony together with the formal appellation of His or Her Highness. The head of the house enjoys the style of Royal Highness.

The Genealogy of the Ducal House

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CARL AUGUST, Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach 28 May 1758, Grand Duke 21 Apr 1815 (Weimar 3 Sep 1757-Graditz 14 Jun 1828); m. Karlsruhe 3 Oct 1775 Luise, Landgravine of Hesse-Darmstadt (Berlin 30 Jan 1757-Weimar 14 Feb 1830)

1a) Luise Auguste Amalie (Weimar 3 Feb 1779-Weimar 24 Mar 1784)

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2a) CARL FRIEDRICH, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (Weimar 2 Feb 1783-Belvedere, nr Weimar 8 Jul 1853); m. St. Petersburg 3 Aug 1804 Maria, Grand Dss of Russia (St. Petersburg 15 Feb 1786-Belvedere 23 Jun 1859)

1b) Paul Alexander Carl Constantin Friedrich August (Weimar 25 Sep 1805-Weimar 10 Apr 1806)

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2b) Marie Luise Alexandrina (Weimar 3 Feb 1808-Berlin 18 Jan 1877); m. Charlottenburg 26 May 1827 Karl Pr of Prussia (Charlottenburg 29 Jun 1801-Berlin 21 Jan 1883)

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3b) Marie Luise Auguste Katharine (Weimar 30 Sep 1811-Berlin 7 Jan 1890); m. Berlin 11 Jun 1829 Wilhelm I, King of Prussia, Emperor of Germany (Berlin 22 Mar 1797-Berlin 9 Mar 1888)

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4b) CARL ALEXANDER August Johann, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (Weimar 24 Jun 1818-Weimar 5 Jan 1901); m. The Hague 8 Oct 1842 Sophie Pss of the Netherlands (The Hague 8 Apr 1824-Weimar 23 Mar 1897)

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1c) Carl August Wilhelm Nicolaus Alexander Michael Bernhard Heinrich Friedrich Stephan, Hereditary Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (Weimar 31 Jul 1844-Cap Martin, France 20 Nov 1894); m. Friedrichshafen 26 Aug 1873 Pauline Pss of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (1852-1904; below)

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1d) WILHELM ERNST Carl Alexander Friedrich Heinrich Bernhard Albert Georg Hermann, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, lost his throne 9 Nov 1918 (Weimar 10 Jun 1876-Heinrichau 24 Apr 1923); m.1st Bückeburg 30 Apr 1903 Karoline Pss Reuss (Greiz 13 Jul 1884-Weimar 17 Jan 1905); m.2d Meiningen 21 Jan 1910 Feodore Pss of Saxe-Meiningen (Hannover 29 May 1890-Freiburg 12 Mar 1972)

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1e) Sophie Luise Adelheid Marie Olga Carola (Weimar 20 Mar 1911-Hamburg 21 Nov 1988); m. Heinrichau 7 Mar 1938 Friedrich Gunther Fst zu Schwarzburg (Grossharthau 5 Mar 1901-Munich 9 Nov 1971)

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2e) CARL-AUGUST Wilhelm Ernst Friedrich Georg Johann Albrecht, Hereditary Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (Schloß Wilhelmsthal 28 Jul 1912-Schienen am Bodensee 14 Oct 1988); m. Wartburg 5 Oct 1944 Elisabeth Frn von Wangenheim-Winterstein (Tübingen 16 Jan 1912-Munich 15 Mar 2010)

1f) Elisabeth Sophie Feodora Mathilde Dorothea Louise Adelaide Vera Renate (b. Burgellern bei Bamberg 22 Jul 1945); m. Munich 10 Jul 1981 (div 1983) Mindert Diderik de Kant (Leeuwarden, Netherlands 6 Aug 1934)

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2f) MICHAEL-Benedikt Georg Jobst Carl Alexander Bernhard Claus Friedrich, Prince of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (b. Bamberg 15 Nov 1946); m.1st (civ) Hamburg-Eimsbüttel 9 Jun 1970 (rel) Linnep bei Breitscheid 4 Jul 1970 (div 1974) Renate Henkel (b. Heidelberg 17 Sep 1947); m.2d London 15 Nov 1980 Dagmar Hennings (b. Niederpöcking 24 Jun 1948)

1g) Leonie Mercedes Augusta Silva Elisabeth Margarethe (b. Frankfurt 30 Oct 1986)

3f) Beatrice-Maria Margareta Dorothea Felicitas Virginie (b. Bamberg 11 Mar 1948); m. London 9 Dec 1977 Martin Charles Davidson (b. London 23 Sep 1940)

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3e) Bernhard Friedrich Viktor Rupprecht Adalbert Ernst Ludwig Hermann Heinrich (Weimar 3 Mar 1917-Wiesbaden 23 Mar 1986); m. Heinrichau 12 Mar 1943 (div 1956) Felicitas Pss zu Salm-Horstmar (b. Potsdam 31 Mar 1920)

  • 1f) Katharina Feodora Adelheid Sabine Sophie Felicitas Sieglinde (b. Breslau 30 Nov 1943); m.(civ) Hechingen (rel) Burg Hohenzollern 25 May 1968 (div 1985) Emanuel Joseph Pr von Hohenzollern (Munich 23 Feb 1929-Hechingen 8 Feb 1999)
  • 2f) Alexander Georg (Jagdhaus Zillbach 12 Apr 1945-Meiningen 7 Jun 1945)
  • 3f) Wilhelm Ernst Emich Georg Rudolf (b. Höxter 10 Aug 1946); m. Munich 1 Jun 1973 (div 1985) Eva Kovarcz (b. Obervellach, Carinthia 10 Nov 1945)
  • 1g) Désirée Elisabeth Katharina Felicitas Sophie (b. Munich 19 Jul 1974); m. Pleinfeld 6 Jul 2000 (rel) Ellingen 8 Jul 2000 Florian Gf v.u.zu Hoensbroech (b. Kellenberg 1 Mar 1969)
  • 2g) Georg-Constantin Friedrich Eilhelm Johannes (b. Munich 13 Apr 1977)
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4e) Georg Wilhelm Albert Bernhard, renounced his rights and took the name “Jörg Brena” 22 Jan 1953 (Heinrichau 24 Nov 1921-Bad Krozingen 11 Mar 2011); m. Freiburg im Breisgau 5 Feb 1953 Gisela Jänisch (Hamburg 5 May 1930-Freiburg 26 Jul 1989)

1f) Luise-Ariane Brena (b. Freiburg 17 Jan 1954)

2f) Adelheid-Cornelie Brena (b. Freiburg 22 Jun 1955); m.1st Freiburg-im-Briesgau 14 Dec 1976 Thomas August Landsberg (b. Göttingen 17 May 1945); m.2d Dietmar Berron; m.3d Dec 2003 William Diaz Cespedes (b. Santiago, Cuba 16 Mar 1965)

3f) Isobel Madeleine Brena (b. Freiburg 14 Oct 1959)

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2d) Bernhard Carl Alexander Hermann Heinrich Wilhelm Oscar Friedrich Franz Peter (Weimar 18 Apr 1878-Weimar 1 Oct 1900)

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2c) Marie Anna Alexandrine Sophie Auguste Helene (Weimar 20 Jan 1849-Trebschen 6 May 1922); m. Weimar 6 Feb 1876 Heinrich VII Pr Reuss (Klipphausen 14 Jul 1825-Trebschen 2 May 1906)

  • 3c) Maria Anna Sophia Elisabeth Bernhardine Ida Auguste Helene (Weimar 29 Mar 1851-Weimar 26 Apr 1859)
  • 4c) Elisabeth Sibylle Maria Dorothea Anna Amalie Luise (Weimar 28 Feb 1854-Wiligrad 10 Jul 1908); m. Weimar 6 Nov 1886 Johann Albrecht, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (Schwerin 8 Dec 1857-Wiligrad 16 Feb 1920)
  • 3a) Carolina Luise (Weimar 18 Jul 1786-Ludwigslust 20 Jan 1816); m. Weimar 1 Jul 1810 Friedrich Ludwig, Hereditary Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (Ludwigslust 13 Jun 1778-Ludwigslust 29 Nov 1819)
  • 4a) Carl Bernhard (Weimar 30 May 1792-Liebenstein 31 Jul 1862); m. Meiningen 30 May 1816 Ida Pss of Saxe-Meiningen (Meiningen 25 Jun 1794-Weimar 4 Apr 1852)
  • 1b) Luise Wilhelmine Adelheid (Ghent 31 Mar 1817-Windsor Castle 11 Jul 1832)

  • 2b) Wilhelm Carl (Ghent 25 Jun 1819-Nymwegen 22 May 1839)
  • 3b) Amalie Auguste Cecilia (Ghent 30 May 1822-Ghent 16 Jun 1822)
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4b) Wilhelm August Eduard (Bushy Park 11 Oct 1823-London 16 Nov 1902); m. London 27 Nov 1851 Lady Augusta Gordon-Lennox (Goodwood House, London 14 Jan 1827-London 3 Apr 1904)

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5b) Hermann Bernhard Georg (Schloß Altenstein 4 Aug 1825-Berchtesgaden 31 Aug 1901); m. Friedrichshafen 17 Jun 1851 Auguste Pss of Württemberg (Stuttgart 4 Oct 1826-Stuttgart 3 Dec 1898)

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1c) Pauline Ida Marie Olga Henriette Catharina (Stuttgart 25 Jul 1852-Orte, Italy 17 May 1904); m. Friedrichshafen 26 Aug 1873 Carl August, Hereditary Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (31 Jul 1844-20 Nov 1894; above)

2c) Wilhelm Carl Bernhard Hermann (Stuttgart 21 Dec 1853-Baden-Baden 15 Dec 1924); m. Wächtersbach 11 Apr 1885 Gerta Pss zu Isenburg-Büdingen in Wächtersbach (Wächtersbach 18 Jan 1863-Baden-Baden 27 Nov 1945)

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1d) Hermann Carl Bernhard Ferdinand Friedrich Wilhelm August Paul Philipp, renounced his rights and was cr Gf von Ostheim 2 Aug 1909 (Düsseldorf 14 Feb 1886-London 6 Jun 1964); m.1st London 5 Sep 1909 (div 1911) Wanda Paola Lottero (Sportono 14 Jul 1881 [though some sources say Genoa 14 Jul 1884]-Genoa 8 Jul 1963); m.2d Heidelberg 4 Aug 1918 Aagot Midling (Larvik, Norway 3 Mar 1886-Paris 16 Oct 1931); m.3d Paris 28 Nov 1932 Isabel Nielson (New York City 3 Feb 1895-London 13 Jul 1981)

  • 1e) Alexander-Kyrill Wilhelm Hermann Nikolaus Gf von Ostheim (Munich 7 Aug 1922-Stockholm 28 Mar 1943)
  • 2d) Albert Wilhelm Carl Hermann Bernhard August Friedrich (Düsseldorf 31 Dec 1886-k.a.in France 9 Sep 1918)
  • 3d) Sophie Auguste Ida Caroline Pauline Agnes Elisabeth Ernestine (Düsseldorf 25 Jul 1888-Heidelberg 18 Sep 1913)
  • 3c) Bernhard Wilhelm Georg Hermann, renounced his rights and was cr Gf von Crayenberg 24 May 1901 (Stuttgart 10 Oct 1855-Hannover 23 Dec 1907); m.1st London 10 Oct 1900 Marie Luise Brockmüller (Lübeck 6 May 1866-Hannover 11 Mar 1903); m.2d Berlin 1 Apr 1905 Elisabeth Gfn von der Schulenburg (Erfurt 1 Apr 1869-Berlin-Wilmersdorf 25 Dec 1940)
  • 4c) Alexander Wilhelm Bernhard Carl Hermann (Stuttgart 22 Jun 1857-Baden-Baden 5 Sep 1891)
  • 5c) Ernst Carl Wilhelm (Stuttgart 9 Aug 1859-Neu-Wittelsbach 9 Jan 1909)
  • 6c) Olga Maria Ida Sophia Pauline Auguste (Stuttgart 8 Sep 1869-Berchtesgaden 12 Jan 1924); m. Heidelberg 22 Apr 1902 Leopold Pr zu Isenburg-Büdingen in Birstein (Offenbach 10 Mar 1866-Munich 30 Jan 1933)
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6b) Friedrich Gustav Carl (Zeewerghem 28 Jun 1827-Vienna 6 Jan 1892); m. Vienna 14 Feb 1870 Pierina Marocchia Edle di Marcaini, cr Frn von Neuperg 23 May 1872 (Slano 14 May 1845-Vienna 22 Apr 1879)

7b) Anna Amalia Maria (Zeewerghem 9 Sep 1828-Liebenstein 14 Jul 1864)

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8b) Amalia Maria da Gloria Auguste (Ghent 20 May 1830-Wolferdingen 1 May 1872); m. Weimar 19 May 1853 Henrik Pr of the Netherlands (Soestdijk Palace 13 Jun 1820-Wolferdingen 13 Jan 1879)

  • 5a) [illegitimate by Eva Dorothea Wiegand (1755-1828)] Johann Karl Sebastian Klein (Stützerbach 9 Jun 1779-Weimar 28 Jun 1830); m. Ettersberg 22 Apr 1817 Anna Friedrike Henriette Müller (Weimar 22 Jul 1797- )
  • 1b) Karl Ferdinand Klein, b. Weimar 9 Dec 1817
  • 2b) Heinrich Klein, b. Weimar 10 Sep 1821
  • 3b) August Klein, b. Weimar 7 Mar 1828
  • 6a) [illegitimate by Luise Rudorf (1777-1852] Karl Wilhelm von Knebel (Templin 18 Jan 1796-Jena 16 Nov 1861); m.1st Gumperda bei Kahla 6 Feb 1825 (div 1837) Friederike von Geusau (Burkersdorf 17 Jan 1785- ); m.2d Jena 14 May 1839 Josephine Karoline Emilie Trautmann (Königshofen 4 Oct 1807-26 Jul 1888)
  • 1b) Oskar von Knebel (Gumperda 9 Aug 1826-17 Apr 1827)
  • 2b) Bernhard von Knebel (Jena 26 Nov 1846-Weimar 16 Jun 1863)
  • 3b) Malwine von Knebel, b. Jena 25 Sep 1840; m.12 Sep 1862 Hugo Buchholz (d.8 Feb 1866)
  • 4b) Therese von Knebel, b. Jena 13 Nov 1842; m. Lübeck 20 Jun 1865 Hugo Gyldén (d.1896)
  • 7a) [illegitimate by Henriette Caroline Friederike Jagemann (cr 1809 Frau von Heygendorf)] Carl von Wolfgang, then Carl von Heygendorf, godson of Goethe (Weimar 25 Dec 1806-Dresden 17 Feb 1895); m.1st Mannheim 1 Jun 1831 Meta Abegg (Elbing 16 Apr 1810-Dresden 23 May 1835); m.2d Dresden 10 Oct 1836 Therese von Watzdorf (Dresden 4 Dec 1808-Dresden 31 Aug 1841); m.3d Erdmannsdorf bei Chemnitz 24 Dec 1848 Rosa Frn von Koenneritz (Dresden 1 Jan 1823-Dresden 30 Sep 1906)

  • 1b) Karl Friedrich von Heygendorff (Dresden 7 Sep 1832-Dresden 18 Aig 1833)
  • 2b) Bernhard von Heygendorff (Dresden 19 Mar 1834-Dresden 24 Apr 1916); m. Wiederode bei Wernsdorf 1864 Emmy Müller (Festung Königstein 6 Mar 1837-Dresden 17 Dec 1913)
  • 1c) Bernhard von Heygendorff (Grimma 22 Mar 1866-Dresden 3 Oct 1932)

  • 2c) Alfred von Heygendorff (Elster 1 Mar 1868-k.a. Rancourt 12 Sep 1916); m. Dresden 26 May 1894 Elsa von Wittern (Leipzig 1 Mar 1871-Dresden 3 Oct 1947)
  • 1d) Egon von Heygendorff (Dresden 18 Jun 1896-k.a. Mamnoncourt 10 Sep 1916

  • 2d) Ralph von Heygendorff (Dresden 15 Aug 1897-Remscheid-Lennep 10 Dec 1953); m. Leipzig 18 Aug 1924 Edith von Feilitzsch (Zwickau 4 Oct 1899-Pinneberg 19 Jun 1962)
  • 1e) Joachim von Heygendorff, b. Dresden 2 Jun 1927; m. Wermelskirchen 30 Jan 1954 Marianne Piper (b. Geilenkirchen 11 Jun 1928)
  • 1f) Regina von Heygendorff, b. Köln 24 Aug 1956
  • 2f) Astrid von Heygendorff, b. Köln 3 Jun 1960
  • 3f) Stefanie von Heygendorff, b. Bensberg 31 Jan 1964
  • 2e) Wolfgang von Heygendorff, b. Dresden 27 Oct 1932; m. Fritzlar 29 Jul 1959 Gisela Mischke (Lauenburg, Pomerania 8 Sep 1934)
  • 1f) Peter von Heygendorff, b. Fritzlar 11 Mar 1960
  • 2f) Klaus von Heygendorff, b. Kassel 1 May 1964
  • 3e) Irene von Heygendorff, b. Dresden 28 Aug 1937; m. Köln 21 Nov 1958 Dieter Renken
  • 3d) Wera von Heygendorff, b. Dresden 7 Nov 1904

  • 3c) Werner von Heygendorff (Elster 19 May 1869-Leipzig 18 Mar 1935)
  • 4c) Gottfried von Heygendorff (Elster 18 Oct 1871-Arnsdorf 10 Jun 1924)
  • 3b) Alfred von Heygendorff (Dresden 8 May 1835-Munich 27 Jul 1914); m. Munich 13 Jun 1896 Anna Maria Müller (Grund bei Dresden 27 Dec 1858-Lohmen 31 Jan 1923)
  • 4b) Karl von Heygendorff (Pirna 15 Jul 1840-New York 25 Feb 1917); m.1st New York 25 Dec 1878 Anna Margarethe Geier (Cincinnati 17 Sep 1858-New York 28 Jan 1884); m.2d Leipzig 1 Sep 1885 Margarethe Schilling (Lauchhammer 7 Jul 1859-New York 16 Apr 1918)
  • 1c) Karl von Heygendorff (New York 19 Sep 1883-San Pedro CA 10 Mar 1928); m. San Francisco 15 Jul 1913 Catherine Murray (Detroit 25 Nov 1879-Los Angeles 27 Jan 1930)
  • 2c) Leo von Heygendorff, b. San Francisco 30 Dec 1898; m. San Francisco 1 Jan 1927 Helen Larson (b. Chicago 28 Jul 1894)
  • 3c) Therese von Heygendorff, b. New York 22 Sep 1880
  • 4c) Margarete von Heygendorff (19 Sep 1893-Denver 26 Jul 1894)
  • 5b) Maximilian von Heygendorff (Dresden 19 Sep 1850-Neuilly, St-Front 1 Oct 1870)

  • 6b) Marie von Heygendorff (Dresden 5 Sep 1837-Geilsdorf 17 Oct 1913); m. Zabeltitz 21 Jun 1859 Leo von Nauendorff (d. Geilsdorf 31 Oct 1902)
  • 7b) Karoline von Heygendorff (Dresden 25 Dec 1838-Sollschwitz 1 Sep 1865); m. Siebeneichen 14 Jul 1864 Bruno von Watzdorf (d.8 Jun 1903)
  • 8a) [illegitimate by Henriette Caroline Friederike Jagemann (cr 1809 Frau von Heygendorf)] August von Heygendorff (Weimar 10 Aug 1810-Dresden 23 Jan 1874)

  • 9a) [illegitimate by Henriette Caroline Friederike Jagemann (cr 1809 Frau von Heygendorf)] Mariana von Heygendorff (Weimar 8 Apr 1812-‘s Gravenhage 10 Aug 1836); m. Mannheim 15 Oct 1835 Daniel Baron Tindal (d. Freiwaldau, Silesia 12 Feb 1856)
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Depending on the record, information may be obtained from official gazettes and public registers; archives and libraries; published books and scholarly works; institutional publications; reputable news sources; publicly accessible websites; submissions from the individual concerned or their authorised representative; family representatives; and other documented sources.

The categories of information may include the categories listed under “Editorial, genealogical, and archival records” above. The material may be made available to website visitors and may be indexed by search engines. Neue Gotha seeks to use relevant, proportionate, and appropriately sourced information and to distinguish documented fact from uncertainty or editorial interpretation.

Individuals may contact the editorial office to request access, correction, contextualisation, restriction, or erasure. Requests are assessed under the GDPR and applicable national law, taking into account accuracy, source integrity, the public interest, freedom of expression and information, archival considerations, and the rights and freedoms of other people. No provision of this policy removes a right granted by applicable law.

Neue Gotha does not intentionally publish special-category personal data or information concerning criminal convictions about living individuals unless a specific lawful basis and any additional legal condition have been identified and documented.

5. Cookies and similar technologies

Cookies are small text files stored on, or read from, a visitor’s device. Similar technologies may perform comparable functions. Some are strictly necessary for a website or a service expressly requested by the visitor. Others, including many analytics, advertising, social-media, translation, or embedded-content technologies, require prior consent under applicable EU electronic-communications rules.

Neue Gotha does not place or access non-essential cookies, or activate non-essential external services, before valid consent has been given. Visitors may accept or reject optional purposes separately and may withdraw consent at any time by selecting the permanently available “Cookie settings” control. Withdrawing consent does not affect processing that was lawful before withdrawal. Strictly necessary technologies cannot be disabled through the consent tool, but they may be controlled through browser settings where technically possible.

The following table reflects the technologies currently deployed on the website. It is updated whenever a plugin, host, analytics tool, embedded service, or cookie configuration changes.

Name Provider Purpose Category Duration Third-party access
_scc_session Neue Gotha / managed hosting and site-control provider Maintains a short-lived session for website security and site-control functions Strictly necessary Browser session The contracted hosting or site-control provider may access the identifier when providing technical support
_tccl_visit Neue Gotha / managed website-analytics provider Distinguishes a single website visit and reduces duplicate counting within the same session Analytics — disabled until consent 30 minutes Yes; the contracted analytics provider processes the identifier on Neue Gotha’s behalf
_tccl_visitor Neue Gotha / managed website-analytics provider Assigns a pseudonymous visitor identifier used to produce aggregated website-usage statistics Analytics — disabled until consent 12 months Yes; the contracted analytics provider processes the identifier on Neue Gotha’s behalf
googtrans Neue Gotha / Google Translate Stores or applies the visitor’s language selection for the translation feature Functional — disabled until consent 12 months Google may receive technical and service-interaction data when Google Translate is activated
ng_gt_default_applied Neue Gotha / website translation plugin Records whether the website’s default translation setting has been applied Functional — disabled until consent 24 hours No direct vendor access is assumed; Google may receive data if activation causes Google Translate to load
eu_cookies_bar_consent Neue Gotha / locally hosted EU Cookies Bar plugin Stores the visitor’s cookie choices and prevents the banner from being shown unnecessarily Strictly necessary 6 months No, provided the consent plugin remains locally hosted and does not transmit consent records to its developer
wordpress_test_cookie Neue Gotha / WordPress Checks whether the browser supports cookies when an authorised user visits the sign-in page Strictly necessary Browser session No; the cookie is processed by Neue Gotha and its contracted host

Authorised editorial users may receive WordPress authentication, security, or preference cookies when they sign in. wordpress_logged_in_[hash] maintains an authenticated session for up to two weeks when “Remember Me” is selected; wordpress_sec_[hash] protects administrative access for the session; and wp-settings-[user_id] stores an editor’s interface preferences for up to one year. These internal cookies are processed solely for editorial access and site administration.

6. Google Translate, web fonts, and other external content

Where enabled with the visitor’s consent, Neue Gotha may use Google Translate to provide machine-generated translations. Activating the service may cause the visitor’s browser to connect to Google and disclose technical information such as the IP address, requested page URL, browser or device information, and language or service-interaction data. Machine translations may contain errors and do not replace the original editorial text.

Website fonts are hosted locally by Neue Gotha and do not require a connection to Google. Google Translate remains an optional external service that is activated only after the visitor provides consent.

Information about Google’s processing is available in the Google Privacy Policy and Google’s explanation of how it uses information from sites and applications that use its services.

Embedded material from another website may allow that provider to process personal data as if the visitor had visited the provider directly. Non-essential embeds remain blocked until consent is obtained. Each enabled provider is identified in this policy and in the consent interface.

7. Recipients of personal data

Personal data may be disclosed only where necessary to:

  • hosting, content-delivery, backup, website-maintenance, email, security, and consent-management providers acting under contract;
  • translation, analytics, media, or other external-service providers selected by the visitor through the consent interface;
  • professional advisers, insurers, auditors, or other specialists where necessary to protect legal or operational interests;
  • courts, regulators, law-enforcement bodies, or public authorities where disclosure is required or permitted by law; and
  • the public and search engines where personal data form part of a lawfully published editorial or archival record.

8. International data transfers

Some service providers may process personal data outside the European Economic Area. Where the GDPR restricts such a transfer, Neue Gotha relies on an applicable European Commission adequacy decision or appropriate safeguards under Article 46 GDPR, such as the European Commission’s Standard Contractual Clauses, together with supplementary measures where required.

Cloudflare and Google may transfer limited technical information to recipients in the United States. Where the recipient is validly certified, the transfer is based on the European Commission’s adequacy decision for the EU–US Data Privacy Framework. Where that mechanism is unavailable or does not cover a transfer, the relevant provider’s European Commission Standard Contractual Clauses and supplementary technical and organisational measures are used. Information about the applicable safeguards, including how to obtain a copy, may be requested from editor@neuegotha.de.

9. How long we retain personal data

We retain personal data only for as long as necessary for the purposes described in this policy, including security, editorial integrity, source verification, dispute resolution, and compliance with legal obligations. The specific periods or criteria are stated in the processing and cookie tables above.

When a retention period ends, information is deleted or anonymised unless continued retention is required by law, is necessary for legal claims, or is justified by a documented editorial or archival purpose. Encrypted rolling backups are retained for 35 days and are then overwritten automatically, unless a backup has been isolated for incident recovery or a legal hold.

10. Security

Neue Gotha uses appropriate technical and organisational measures designed to protect personal data against accidental or unlawful destruction, loss, alteration, unauthorised disclosure, or access. No method of internet transmission or electronic storage is completely secure, and absolute security cannot be guaranteed.

11. Your data-protection rights

Subject to the conditions and limitations in the GDPR and applicable national law, an individual may have the right to:

  • obtain confirmation as to whether personal data concerning them are processed and request access to those data;
  • request correction of inaccurate or incomplete personal data;
  • request erasure of personal data;
  • request restriction of processing;
  • object, on grounds relating to their particular situation, to processing based on legitimate interests;
  • receive personal data they provided in a structured, commonly used, machine-readable format and transmit those data to another controller where the right to portability applies;
  • withdraw consent at any time, without affecting the lawfulness of processing carried out before withdrawal; and
  • lodge a complaint with a competent data-protection supervisory authority.

To exercise a right, contact editor@neuegotha.de. Please identify the information or record concerned and the nature of the request. We may request information reasonably necessary to verify identity and protect personal data from unauthorised disclosure. Requests are normally answered within one month, subject to any extension permitted by law.

Where a request concerns published editorial or archival content, applicable rights may be limited where necessary and proportionate to reconcile data protection with freedom of expression and information or other rights recognised by law. Each request will be assessed individually.

12. Complaints

We encourage individuals to contact us first so that we can try to resolve a concern. Individuals also have the right to complain to the supervisory authority in the EU or EEA country of their habitual residence, place of work, or the place of the alleged infringement.

For this Berlin-based controller the supervisory authority is the Berliner Beauftragte für Datenschutz und Informationsfreiheit, Alt-Moabit 59–61, 10555 Berlin, Germany; telephone +49 30 13889-0; email mailbox@datenschutz-berlin.de; website https://www.datenschutz-berlin.de/.

13. Children

The website is intended as a general historical and reference resource and is not directed specifically at children. We do not knowingly request personal data directly from children for an online service requiring parental consent. If you believe a child has provided personal data inappropriately, please contact us.

14. Changes to this policy

We may update this policy when our processing activities, service providers, technologies, or legal obligations change. The current version will be published on this page with a revised “Last updated” date. Where required, we will provide additional notice or request renewed consent before introducing a new processing purpose.

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